Symbolic computation of exact solutions expressible in hyperbolic and elliptic functions for nonlinear PDEs

Algorithms are presented for the tanh- and sech-methods, which lead to closed-form solutions of nonlinear ordinary and partial differential equations (ODEs and PDEs). New algorithms are given to find exact polynomial solutions of ODEs and PDEs in terms of Jacobi's elliptic functions. For systems with parameters, the algorithms determine the conditions on the parameters so that the differential equations admit polynomial solutions in tanh, sech, combinations thereof, Jacobi's sn or cn functions. Examples illustrate key steps of the algorithms. The new algorithms are implemented in Mathematica. The package DDESpecialSolutions.m can be used to automatically compute new special solutions of nonlinear PDEs. Use of the package, implementation issues, scope, limitations, and future extensions of the software are addressed. A survey is given of related algorithms and symbolic software to compute exact solutions of nonlinear differential equations.Comment: 39 pages. Software available from Willy Hereman's home page at http://www.mines.edu/fs_home/whereman

Adiponectin receptor-1 expression is associated with good prognosis in gastric cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Adiponectin is inversely related to BMI, positively correlates with insulin sensitivity, and has anti-atherogenic effects. In recent years, adiponectin has been well studied in the field of oncology. Adiponectin has been shown to have antiproliferative effects on gastric cancer, and adiponectin expression is inversely correlated with clinical staging of the disease. However, no studies have reported the correlation between serum adiponectin and receptor expression with disease progression.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this study, we evaluated expression levels of 2 adiponectin receptors--AdipoR1 and AdipoR2--and attempted to correlate their expression with prognosis in gastric cancer patients. AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 expression in gastric cancer cell lines (MKN45, TMK-1, NUGC3, and NUGC4) was evaluated by western blotting analysis, and the antiproliferative potential of adiponectin was examined in vitro. Serum adiponectin levels were evaluated in 100 gastric cancer patients, and the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 was assessed by immunohistochemical staining.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>MKN45 and NUGC3 expressed higher levels of AdipoR1 compared to NUGC4, even though there was no significance in AdipoR2 expression. The antiproliferative effect of adiponectin was confirmed in MKN45 and NUGC3 at 10 μg/ml. No significant associations were observed between serum adiponectin levels and clinicopathological characteristics, but lymphatic metastasis and peritoneal dissemination were significantly higher in the negative AdipoR1 immunostaining group (24/32, <it>p </it>= 0.013 and 9/32, <it>p </it>= 0.042, respectively) compared to the positive AdipoR1 group (lymphatic metastasis, 33/68; peritoneal dissemination, 8/68). On the other hand, AdipoR2 expression was only associated with histopathological type (<it>p </it>= 0.001). In survival analysis, the AdipoR1 positive staining group had significantly longer survival rates than the negative staining group (<it>p </it>= 0.01). However, multivariate analysis indicated that AdipoR1 was not an independent prognostic factor on patient's survival on gastric cancer.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In gastric cancer, adiponectin has the possibility to be involved in cell growth suppression via AdipoR1. The presence of AdipoR1 could be a novel anticancer therapeutic target in gastric cancer.</p

Whole genome analysis of a schistosomiasis-transmitting freshwater snail

Biomphalaria snails are instrumental in transmission of the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni. With the World Health Organization's goal to eliminate schistosomiasis as a global health problem by 2025, there is now renewed emphasis on snail control. Here, we characterize the genome of Biomphalaria glabrata, a lophotrochozoan protostome, and provide timely and important information on snail biology. We describe aspects of phero-perception, stress responses, immune function and regulation of gene expression that support the persistence of B. glabrata in the field and may define this species as a suitable snail host for S. mansoni. We identify several potential targets for developing novel control measures aimed at reducing snail-mediated transmission of schistosomiasis

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42\ub74% vs 44\ub72%; absolute difference \u20131\ub769 [\u20139\ub758 to 6\ub711] p=0\ub767; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5\u20138] vs 6 [5\u20138] cm H2O; p=0\ub70011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30\ub75% vs 19\ub79%; p=0\ub70004; adjusted effect 16\ub741% [95% CI 9\ub752\u201323\ub752]; p&lt;0\ub70001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0\ub780 [95% CI 0\ub775\u20130\ub786]; p&lt;0\ub70001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status. Funding: No funding

Corrigendum: Whole genome analysis of a schistosomiasis-transmitting freshwater snail

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15451

Effects of Theophylline with Methylprednisolone Combination Therapy on Biomechanics and Histopathology in Diaphragm Muscles of Rats

PMID = 2737852

Determination of rainfall-runoff relationship in Yenicegoruce Basin with

The goal of this study is to model rainfall-runoff process using HEC-HMS developed by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for the 10,508 km(2) catchment that has E01A012-Yenicegoruce stream gage at its outlet which is located just at the upstream of the point where Meric and Ergene Rivers meet. This study is conducted as a part of 115Y064 numbered "Development of a geographical information systems based decision-making tool for water quality management of Ergene watershed using pollutant fingerprints" project funded by TUBITAK. First, meteorological parameters such as daily precipitation and temperature, and daily streamflow data that are observed in and around the study catchment are collected. Then land use, hydrologic soil groups and digital elevation data of the catchment are collected and integrated into Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. Digital maps compiled in GIS environment were transferred into WMS for the calculation of basin parameters, and then the hydrological model for the basin is developed in HEC-HMS using these data. The model is calibrated using daily streamflow values of 1997-2002 and validated for 2003-2005 data. The model results obtained at the Yenicegoruce stream gage has Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) values of 0.8 and 0.75 for calibration and validation, respectively. Hydrological models for Hayrabolu, Luleburgaz and Inanli sub-catchments represented by stream gages D01A008, E01A006 and E01A012, respectively are developed and calibrated as well. Model performances are evaluated using statistical measures such as NSE values and correlations.C1 [Mesta, Buket] Orta Dogu Tekn Univ, Fen Bilimleri Enstitusu, Yer Sistem Bilimleri, Ankara, Turkey.[Kargi, Pinar Gokce; Ayvaz, M. Tamer] Pamukkale Univ, Muhendislik Fak, Insaat Muhendisligi Bolumu, Denizli, Turkey.[Tezyapar, Ipek; Goktas, Recep Kaya] Kocaeli Univ, Muhendislik Fak, Cevre Muhendisligi Bolumu, Kocaeli, Turkey.[Kentel, Elcin] Orta Dogu Tekn Univ Univ, Muhendislik Fak, Insaat Muhendisligi Bolumu, Ankara, Turkey.[Tezel, Ulas] Bogazici Univ, Cevre Muhendisligi Bolumu, Cevre Bilimleri Enstitusu, Istanbul, Turkey

Synthesis of carbon nanotubes by a plasma based pulsed electron beam generator

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized by using a plasma based electron beam generator, which has a fast filamentary discharge formed from the superposition of an ordinary low-pressure dc glow and a high-current pulsed discharge. To our knowledge, CNTs are synthesized for the first time by this method. Acetylene was used as the carbon source and the iron catalyst coated silica substrates were prepared by the sol-gel technique. The silica plates were first coated with an appropriate iron (III) nitrate solution. After calcination and reduction with hydrogen nano iron particles were formed on the plates. The products were collected from two different zones of the e-beam generator. The products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy